Among children without growth hormone deficiency, short stature may be caused by Turner syndrome or Noonan syndrome, chronic kidney disease, being small for gestational age at birth, Prader–Willi syndrome, Wiedemann-Steiner syndrome, or other conditions. Human growth hormone (HGH) deficiency may occur at any time during infancy or childhood, with the most obvious sign being a noticeable slowing of growth. It can also be due to one or more of many abnormal conditions, such as chronic (prolonged) growth hormone or thyroid hormone deficiency, malnutrition, disease of a major organ system, mistreatment, treatment with certain drugs, chromosomal deletions. The most common causes of short stature in childhood are constitutional growth delay or familial short stature.įrom a medical perspective, severe shortness can be a variation of normal, resulting from the interplay of multiple familial genes. Shortness in children and young adults nearly always results from below-average growth in childhood, while shortness in older adults usually results from loss of height due to kyphosis of the spine or collapsed vertebrae from osteoporosis. The median or typical adult height in developed countries is about 178 centimetres (5 ft 10 in) for men and 165 centimetres (5 ft 5 in) for women. In a medical context, short stature is typically defined as an adult height that is more than two standard deviations below a population’s mean for age and gender, which corresponds to the shortest 2.3% of individuals in that population. Dwarfism is the condition of being very short, often caused by a medical condition. Because of the lack of preciseness, there is often disagreement about the degree of shortness that should be called short. Whether a person is considered short depends on the context. Short stature refers to a height of a human which is below typical.
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